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eg-253:unixlab1 [2007/10/02 17:49] – eechriseg-253:unixlab1 [2011/01/14 12:46] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 +~~SLIDESHOW~~
 +
 +
 +
 +====== Introduction to Linux --- Lab 1 ======
 +
 +**Module**: EG-253 Practical Internet Technology II
 +
 +**Date of last presentation**: 4th October 2007
 +
 +**Presented by**: Dr Chris P. Jobling
 +
 +
 +===== Acknowledgement =====
 +
 +This lecture is adapted from the lecture created for CS-244 and CS-M74  by
 +Andy Gimblett of the Department of Computer Science.
 +
 +
 +===== Contents ======
 +
 +[[eg-253:unixlab1#introduction_to_this_component|Introduction to this Component]]
 +
 +
 +
 +===== Introduction to this component =====
 +
 +  * Aims and Motivation
 +  * Lectures and Assessment
 +  * Recommended Reading
 +
 +
 +===== Aims and Motivation =====
 +
 +//Aims://
 +    *Understand concepts.
 +    *Know how to use tools and commands.
 +//Motivation://
 +    * C, future modules (eg EG-244, EG-252, EG-259, CS-228).
 +    * Useful in industry.
 +    * Comparative analysis vs. Windows
 +
 +=====Lectures & Assessment =====
 +
 +    * 3 lecture/labs on Linux.
 +    * One coursework (10% of EG-253).
 +
 +=====Recommended Reading =====
 +
 +    * //Running Linux// (O'Reilly)
 +    * //Linux in a Nutshell// (O'Reilly)
 +    * //Introducing UNIX and Linux// (Palgrave Macmillan)
 +    * //Linux Documentation Project// (www.tldp.org)
 +        * //Introduction to Linux//      
 +        * //Linux Dictionary//      
 +        * //Linux Cookbook//      
 +    * ''man'' pages and GNU ''info'' (see later).
 +
 +\section{Introducing Unix}
 +
 +\subsection{Context \& History}
 +
 +\begin{frame}
 +
 +=====Context \& History --- Unix}
 +
 +  \begin{itemize}
 +
 +    * 1960s: MULTICS project at AT\&T Bell Labs, abandoned.
 +
 +    * 1960s: UNIX an attempt to capture the best bits.
 +
 +    * Aims:
 +
 +      \begin{itemize}
 +      
 +        * Portable.
 +
 +        * Simple, small, elegant --- but powerful.
 +
 +        * Promote code re-use.  Small programs, do one thing well.
 +
 +      \end{itemize}
 +
 +    * Reject ``User Friendly means Easy To Learn''.
 +
 +    * Assume user knows what they're doing.
 +
 +  \end{itemize}
 +
 +\end{frame}
 +
 +\begin{frame}
 +
 +=====Context \& History --- GNU To Linux}
 +
 +  \begin{itemize}
 +
 +    * 1980s: Multiple Unix vendors, jealously guarded IP.
 +
 +    * //RMS// decides to create an open and free Unix-like OS.
 +
 +    * GNU Project --- responsible for loads of great software.
 +
 +    * Early 1990s: Linus Torvalds plays with MINIX, decides to have a go.
 +
 +    * Internet facilitates collaboration, Linux takes off.
 +
 +    * Linux kernel + GNU tools = Linux we know and love.
 +
 +    * Lots of flavours, but open so feed off each other.
 +
 +  \end{itemize}
 +
 +\end{frame}
 +
 +\subsection{Unix Essentials}
 +
 +\begin{frame}
 +
 +=====System Overview}
 +
 +  \begin{center}
 +    \includegraphics[angle=270,width=7cm]{linux_organisation}
 +  \end{center}
 +
 +\end{frame}
 +
 +\begin{frame}
 +
 +=====Kernel}
 +
 +  \begin{itemize}
 +  
 +    * Central part of OS.
 +
 +    * Concerned with managing hardware and other system resources.
 +
 +    * Whatever you do, the kernel is involved.
 +
 +    * Never accessed directly by user, however.
 +
 +    * Provides access to its facilities via \textbf{system calls}.
 +
 +    * Really ``Linux'' is just the kernel.
 +
 +  \end{itemize}
 +
 +\end{frame}
 +
 +\begin{frame}
 +
 +=====Applications \& Utilities}
 +
 +  \begin{itemize}
 +  
 +    * The programs which access the kernel via system calls.
 +
 +    * Things which make system useful and useable.
 +
 +    * Basically anything that runs on the system.
 +
 +    * One of the two main topics of this course.
 +
 +    * Examples: cp, gcc, slogin, gimp
 +
 +    * One important class of apps: apps for running other apps.
 +
 +      \begin{itemize}
 +      
 +        * Shells
 +
 +        * Graphical Environments
 +
 +      \end{itemize}
 +
 +  \end{itemize}
 +
 +\end{frame}
 +
 +\begin{frame}
 +
 +=====Shells}
 +
 +  \begin{itemize}
 +  
 +    * The other main topic of this course.
 +
 +    * Command-line environment within which other runs are run.
 +
 +    * Like the DOS Prompt/Command Prompt in Windows.
 +
 +    * Unlike Windows, no single ``best'' shell, instead lots of choice.
 +
 +    * De facto standard in Linux is \textbf{bash}, so we look at that.
 +
 +    * Others: sh, csh, zsh, tcsh, ksh, etc.  
 +
 +  \end{itemize}
 +
 +\end{frame}
 +
 +\begin{frame}
 +
 +=====Graphical Environments}
 +
 +  \begin{itemize}
 +  
 +    * X Window --- toolkit for graphics mode programs.
 +
 +    * Windows Manager --- provides look-and-feel for programs
 +          running under X.
 +  
 +    * Desktop Environment --- Extra layer providing comfortable \&
 +          easy environment for working.
 +
 +    * Not really of concern on this course.
 +
 +  \end{itemize}
 +
 +\end{frame}
 +
 +\section{Getting Started with Linux}
 +
 +\begin{frame}
 +
 +=====Getting Started}
 +
 +  \begin{itemize}
 +  
 +    * Logging In --- enter username \& password.
 +
 +    * Logging Out --- just like Windows. (?)
 +
 +    * Menu system --- should be explored.  Try things out.
 +
 +    * Running a Shell
 +
 +      \begin{itemize}
 +      
 +        * Look for ''Terminal}, \texttt{xterm'',
 +              ''shell}, \texttt{bash''.
 +
 +        * Ensure you're running ''bash''.
 +
 +        * To exit: ''exit} or \texttt{Ctrl-d''.
 +
 +      \end{itemize}
 +
 +  \end{itemize}
 +
 +\end{frame}
 +
 +\subsection{Essential Commands}
 +
 +\begin{frame}
 +
 +=====Essential Commands (1)}
 +
 +  //nb:} \textbf{Case Sensitive!!!//
 +
 +  \begin{itemize}
 +  
 +    * ''ls'' --- List a directory
 +
 +    * ''pwd'' --- Print current working directory
 +
 +    * ''cd'' --- Change directory
 +
 +    * ''cp'' --- Copy a file
 +
 +    * ''mv'' --- Move a file, rename a file
 +
 +    * ''mkdir'' --- Create a directory
 +
 +    * ''rm'' --- Remove a file or directory
 +
 +  \end{itemize}
 +
 +\end{frame}
 +
 +\begin{frame}
 +
 +=====Essential Commands (2)}
 +
 +  \begin{itemize}
 +  
 +    * ''ps'' --- Print processes running
 +
 +    * ''top'' --- Print top processes running
 +
 +    * ''which'' --- Print path to command
 +
 +    * ''file'' --- Print type of file
 +
 +    * ''cat'' --- Print contents of text file
 +
 +    * ''less} / \texttt{more'' --- Read text file one page at
 +          a time.
 +
 +  \end{itemize}
 +
 +\end{frame}
 +
 +\subsection{Getting Help}
 +
 +\begin{frame}
 +
 +=====Getting Help --- ''man}''
 +
 +  \begin{itemize}
 +  
 +    * ''man'' pages are canonical source of documentation
 +
 +    * ''man ls} to see manual page for \texttt{ls''
 +
 +    * Standard form, hard to read at first, but \textbf{essential}
 +          skill.
 +
 +    * Chapters: ''ls(1)} means \texttt{ls'' is in chapter 1.
 +
 +    * Read from chapter ''n} using \texttt{man 1 ls''
 +
 +    * ''man -k'' to search manual pages for some string.
 +
 +  \end{itemize}
 +
 +  READ THE MAN PAGES!!!
 +
 +\end{frame}
 +
 +\begin{frame}
 +
 +=====Getting Help --- ''info}''
 +
 +  \begin{itemize}
 +  
 +    * GNU Project's hypertext-based manual system.
 +
 +    * Much more complicated than ''man'' pages.
 +
 +    * ''info ls} to get info page for \texttt{ls''.
 +
 +    * Hit ''h'' to start an interactive tutorial.
 +
 +    * ''info'' on its own for top-level node.
 +
 +  \end{itemize}
 +
 +\end{frame}
 +
 +\subsection{Bash Tips \& Tricks}
 +
 +\begin{frame}
 +
 +=====Bash Tips \& Tricks --- History}
 +
 +  \begin{itemize}
 +  
 +    * Bash remembers what commands you've typed.
 +
 +    * ''!!'' to repeat last command.
 +
 +    * ''!-n'' to repeat nth last command.
 +
 +    * Up and down arrows for quick navigation.
 +
 +    * ''history'' to print numbered history.
 +
 +    * Then ''!n'' to repeat some numbered line.
 +
 +    * Ctrl-r to reverse-search through history.
 +
 +  \end{itemize}
 +
 +\end{frame}
 +
 +\begin{frame}
 +
 +====== Bash Tips \& Tricks --- Tab Completion}
 +
 +  \begin{itemize}
 +  
 +    * The Best Thing Since Sliced Bread.
 +
 +    * Bash will guess file \& directory names for you when you hit
 +          tab.
 +
 +    * Guesses as far as it can.  Then provide more letters to
 +          remove ambiguity.
 +
 +    * Will give you all the choices if you keep hitting tab.
 +
 +    * An incredible timesaver --- you owe it to yourself to use it.
 +
 +    * Can also prevent mistyped filenames.
 +
 +  \end{itemize}
 +
 +\end{frame}
 +
 +\end{document}
 +
 +\endinput