Table of Contents
Network Configuration: Results
| EG-253 | Practical Internet Technology II |
|---|---|
| Name | Gary Ng Siu Chung |
| Student Number | 596137 |
| Date of Submission | 29th November 2012 |
Instructions
This wiki page allows you to record the results of your network configuration exercise. You may need to refer to the configuration handout to complete this document.
Answer all questions based on the host that you are configuring in the lab. Edit this wiki page directly to insert your answers. You will probably find this most convenient to do at the same time as you perform the configuration. Where requested, please include listings of the actual configuration files and command outputs directly in the document. Placeholders have been provided for this purpose. Please follow the formatting hints given in the text.
When the exercise is complete you should sign and submit it in for marking. Deadline for completion is the start of the lab on the last week of this term.
This exercise is worth 20% of the module marks.
Host Configuration
Question 1
Which Linux command gives you information about your computer's name on the network?
Answer (delete as appropriate):
hostname
Question 2
Use the command selected in Question 1 to determine your host computer's name? What is the name?
Answer:
dione
Question 3
Which configuration file would you need to edit to change your computer's name on the network?
Your answer (one of):
/etc/host
No! it's /etc/hostname
— Chris Jobling 2012/12/06 05:03
Question 4
Which linux command gives you information on your host's network settings?
Answer one of:
ifconfig
Question 5
Use the command selected in Question 4 to complete the following table:
| Feature | Value |
|---|---|
| My host's IP address | 192.168.3.2 |
| My network's IP address | 192.168.3.255 |
| The address used by my host to send an IP packet to all hosts on my network | 192.168.3.255 |
| The netmask of my host | 255.255.255.0 |
| The hardware address (MAC Address) of my LAN-facing network interface connection (NIC)1) | fe80::219:d1ff:fe91:4df5/64 |
| The frame-level (layer 1) protocol is used to send network messages to the network from my host? | Ethernet |
Your network IP address is the logical AND for your host IP address and the netmask!
— Chris Jobling 2012/12/06 05:04
Question 6
How many hosts can the sub-net defined by your host's netmask support?
Answer one of:
256
No! The netmask is 255.255.255.0 so 8 bits are available for hosts. 2^8 = 256 possible hosts but you can't use the net address (which would be 192.168.3.0) or the broadcast address (which is 192.168.3.255) so that leaves 254.
— Chris Jobling 2012/12/06 05:06
Question 7
What class of network is the sub-net to which your host has been assigned?
Answer one of:
Class C
Network Configuration
Answer the following questions about your network configuration. Please copy and paste the contents of the files identified in Questions 8 and 11 to your submission.
Question 8
In which file is the configuration of your Network Interface Controller (NIC) configured?
Answer one of:
/etc/network/interfaces
Please include a listing of the file chosen in answer to Question 8:
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.3.2 network 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.3.1
Question 9
What is the IP address of the host which serves as the default gateway for your network?
Answer: 192.168.3.2
See answer to Q8!: 192.168.3.1 is the gateway as defined in your interface configuration.
— Chris Jobling 2012/12/06 05:42
Question 10
What is the hostname of the gateway interface?
Answer:Saturn
Question 11
In which file is the symbolic names of the networks, hosts and interfaces available on the network defined?
Answer one of:
/etc/hosts
Please include a listing of the file chosen in answer to Question 11:
127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 dione # /etc/hosts -- Hosts file for ICCT Private network # # IP FQDN aliases # 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost dione # 192.168.1.1 solaris.icct.co solaris inet-gateway 192.168.1.2 venus.icct.com venus www # # Jupiter cluster # 192.168.1.3 gw-jupiter.icct.com gw-planets jupiter-if1 192.168.2.1 jupiter.icct.com jupiter jupiter-if2 192.168.2.23 carme.jupiter.icct.com Guo 192.168.3.4 ganymede.jupiter.icct.com Ganymede 192.168.2.22 leda.jupiter.icct.com Jumana
I wanted the whole file. This listing doesn't include your host dione which is on the saturn sub network (cluster). Also note that host names are by convention lower case strings.
— Chris Jobling 2012/12/06 05:43
Question 12
What is the symbolic name of your network's gateway interface?
Answer: saturn.icct.com
Question 13
What is the purpose of the Gateway interface?
Answer:to look and change how the system connects to the network
Sort of, but I wanted a more precise answer. The gateway is literally the host that acts as a gateway to the rest of the internet. Hosts with the same network address can be communicated with directly using link protocols (Ethernet in this case). If the destination network address does not match the source network address, the packet will be forwarded to the gateway host. The gateway host is responsible for routing the packet to the next network on the path to the destination. In our case, saturn is the gateway and it routes to the backbone network 192.168.1.0 and for that network, solaris is the gateway to the internet. Solaris is connected to the University campus and its gateway is a campus router.
— Chris Jobling 2012/12/06 05:45
Question 14
Which linux command shows the routing table for your host?
Answer: route
Run the command identified in Question 14 and reproduce its output here.
Answer
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default saturn.icct.com 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 saturn-net * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
Question 15
How many interfaces (NICs) must a router have?
Answer one of:
2
Question 16
Which system feature must be turned on if you want a Linux host to act as a router?
Answer: ip_forwarding = yes
Answer is IP forwarding. Your answer would be part of the later question.
— Chris Jobling 2012/12/06 07:03
Question 17
Which run-time command can be used to make a Ubuntu Linux host act as a router?
Answer sudo sh -c “echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward”
Question 18
In which file is the setting defined in Question 17 set if you want a Ubuntu host to be configured as a router at boot-time?
Answer: nano /etc/network/options
Reproduce the contents of the file defined in Question 17 to make a Ubuntu host into a router?
Answer
ip_forward=yes spoofprotect=yes syncookies=no
Because the question asks for the file name, a better answer would be saturn:/etc/network/options – that is the options file on host saturn!
— Chris Jobling 2012/12/06 07:09
Question 19
What setting has been added to the network configuration file to define a route to icct-net from your sub-network's cluster-server?
Answer:
Copy contents of file and paste it as a listing here. Include a minumum indent of two spaces per line. Like this.
No answer given
— Chris Jobling 2012/12/06 07:11
Checking Your Network
The Linux command netstat gives a lot of useful information on your network. In the following 3 questions, reproduce the output of various usages of netstat. You should annotate your results with a brief explanation of what they mean. You may need to print the output and attach to the submission.
Question 20
Give and explain the output of the command netstat -r.
Answer
icct@dione:~$ netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface default saturn.icct.com 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 saturn-net * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
it gives you the kernel routing table information.
Question 21
Give and explain the output of the command netstat -i.
Answer
icct@dione:~$ netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1500 0 47196 0 48 0 11284 0 0 0 BMRU lo 16436 0 67 0 0 0 67 0 0 0 LRU
it displays the statistics for network interfaces currently configured
Which statistics specifically?
— Chris Jobling 2012/12/06 07:12
Question 22
Give and explain the output of the command netstat -ta.
Answer
icct@dione:~$ netstat -ta Active Internet connections (servers and established)icct@dione:~$ traceroute dione.saturn.icct.com traceroute to dione.saturn.icct.com (192.168.3.2), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 dione.saturn.icct.com (192.168.3.2) 0.023 ms 0.004 ms 0.004 ms
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:mysql *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 dione.saturn.icct:35546 lhr14s19-in-f2.1e1:http TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 dione.saturn.icct:39076 lhr14s19-in-f3.1e1:http ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 dione.saturn.icct:35545 lhr14s19-in-f2.1e1:http ESTABLISHED tcp 1 0 dione.saturn.icct:35353 mulberry.canonical:http CLOSE_WAIT tcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ip6-localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
Add your explanation here.
No explanation given. Seems to have traceroute and netstat commands mixed up!
— Chris Jobling 2012/12/06 07:12
Testing the Connectivity of your network
Install, if necessary, the traceroute command then answer the following two questions.
Question 23
Give the output of traceroute from your host to any host on one of the other ICCT networks.
icct@dione:~$ traceroute dione.saturn.icct.com traceroute to dione.saturn.icct.com (192.168.3.2), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 dione.saturn.icct.com (192.168.3.2) 0.023 ms 0.004 ms 0.004 ms
The question asks you to provide a route to another network. You should have used something on jupiter.icct.com or icct.com. There would then have been at least 2 hops.
— Chris Jobling 2012/12/06 07:14
Question 24
Give the output of traceroute from your host to www.swan.ac.uk
Answer
icct@dione:~$ traceroute www.swan.ac.uk traceroute to www.swan.ac.uk (137.44.1.7), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 saturn.icct.com (192.168.3.1) 0.256 ms 0.247 ms 0.237 ms 2 * * * 3 * * * 4 * * * 5 * * * 6 * * * 7 * * * 8 * * * 9 * * * 10 * * * 11 * * * 12 * * * 13 * * * 14 * * * 15 * * * 16 * * * 17 * * * 18 * * * 19 * * * 20 * * * 21 * * * 22 * * * 23 * * * 24 * * * 25 * * * 26 * * * 27 * * * 28 * * * 29 * * * 30 * * *
Explain the result.
No explanation given!
— Chris Jobling 2012/12/06 07:14
Extension Questions
Question 25
A new sub-network engineering-net (192.168.10.0/24) is to be added to the ICCT network. Host engineering (192.168.10.1/32) is a cluster server for this new network. Give the settings needed to set up this host as a router to icct-net, jupiter-net, and saturn-net and a gateway for engineering-net.
Answer
Question 26
Which other files would you need to modify to correctly set up this new router?
Answer
Question 27
Summarize the changes that you would you need to make to your host's network configuration to have the new engineering sub-network recognized?
Answer
Question 27
Which other files would you need to modify to fully configure your host to recognizes the new engineering sub-network?
Answer
Signature
I hereby submit this work for marking.
Your signature here:GARY NG