Table of Contents
Network Configuration: Results
| EG-253 | Practical Internet Technology II |
|---|---|
| Name | Muteb Aloraini |
| Student Number | 392388 |
| Date of Submission | 14th Octember 3330 |
Instructions
This wiki page allows you to record the results of your network configuration exercise. You may need to refer to the configuration handout to complete this document.
Answer all questions based on the host that you are configuring in the lab. Edit this wiki page directly to insert your answers. You will probably find this most convenient to do at the same time as you perform the configuration. Where requested, please include listings of the actual configuration files and command outputs directly in the document. Placeholders have been provided for this purpose. Please follow the formatting hints given in the text.
When the exercise is complete you should sign and submit it in for marking. Deadline for completion is the start of the lab on the last week of this term.
This exercise is worth 20% of the module marks.
Host Configuration
hostname
Question 1
Which Linux command gives you information about your computer's name on the network?
Answer (delete as appropriate):
hostname
Question 2
Use the command selected in Question 1 to determine your host computer's name? What is the name?
Answer:
mimas
Question 3
Which configuration file would you need to edit to change your computer's name on the network?
Your answer (one of):
/etc/hostname
Question 4
Which linux command gives you information on your host's network settings?
Answer one of:
ifconfig
Question 5
Use the command selected in Question 4 to complete the following table:
| Feature | Value |
|---|---|
| My host's IP address | 192.168.3.2 |
| My network's IP address | 192.168.3.0 |
| The address used by my host to send an IP packet to all hosts on my network | 192.168.3.255 |
| The netmask of my host | 255.255.255.0 |
| The hardware address (MAC Address) of my LAN-facing network interface connection (NIC)1) | 00:10:5a:39:82:b4 |
| The frame-level (layer 1) protocol is used to send network messages to the network from my host? | Ethernet |
Question 6
How many hosts can the sub-net defined by your host's netmask support?
Answer one of:
254
Question 7
What class of network is the sub-net to which your host has been assigned?
Answer one of:
Class C
Network Configuration
Answer the following questions about your network configuration. Please copy and paste the contents of the files identified in Questions 8 and 11 to your submission.
Question 8
In which file is the configuration of your Network Interface Controller (NIC) configured?
Answer one of:
/etc/network/interfaces
Please include a listing of the file chosen in answer to Question 8:
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.3.2 network 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.3.1
auto lo iface lo inet loopback
Question 9
What is the IP address of the host which serves as the default gateway for your network?
Answer:
192.168.3.1
Question 10
What is the hostname of the gateway interface?
Answer:
solaris
Question 11
In which file is the symbolic names of the networks, hosts and interfaces available on the network defined?
Answer one of:
/etc/hosts
Please include a listing of the file chosen in answer to Question 11:
127.0.0.1 callisto localhost.localdomain localhost # /etc/hosts -- Hosts file for ICCT Private network # # IP FQDN aliases # 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost myhost # 192.168.1.1 solaris.icct.co solaris inet-gateway 192.168.1.2 venus.icct.com venus www # # Jupiter cluster # 192.168.1.3 gw-jupiter.icct.com gw-planets jupiter-if1 192.168.2.1 jupiter.icct.com jupiter jupiter-if2 192.168.2.2 callisto.jupiter.icct.com callisto 192.168.2.3 europa.jupiter.icct.com europa 192.168.2.4 ganymede.jupiter.icct.com ganymede # # Saturn cluster # 192.168.1.4 gw-saturn.icct.com gw-saturn saturn-if1 192.168.3.1 saturn.icct.com saturn saturn-if2 192.168.3.2 mimas.saturn.icct.com mimas 192.168.3.3 titan.saturn.icct.com titan # # Add other hosts/clusters below here # (we'll use this to add virtual hosts to the web-server in a later # lab exercise)
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters ff02::3 ip6-allhosts
Question 12
What is the symbolic name of your network's gateway interface?
Answer:
saturn
Question 13
What is the purpose of the Gateway interface?
Answer:
The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) allows an HTTP [ server and a CGI script to share responsibility for responding to client requests. The client request comprises a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) a request method and various ancillary information about the request provided by the transport protocol.
The CGI defines the abstract parameters, known as meta-variables, which describe a client's request. Together with a concrete programmer interface this specifies a platform-independent interface between the script and the HTTP server.
The server is responsible for managing connection, data transfer, transport and network issues related to the client request, whereas the CGI script handles the application issues, such as data access and document processing.
Question 14
Which linux command shows the routing table for your host?
Answer: route
Run the command identified in Question 14 and reproduce its output here.
Answer
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 default saturn.icct.com 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
Question 15
How many interfaces (NICs) must a router have?
Answer one of:
2
Question 16
Which system feature must be turned on if you want a Linux host to act as a router?
Answer:
IP Forwarding must be turned on
Question 17
Which run-time command can be used to make a Ubuntu Linux host act as a router?
Answer:
sudo sh -c “echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward”
Question 18
In which file is the setting defined in Question 17 set if you want a Ubuntu host to be configured as a router at boot-time?
Answer:
The file is called '/etc/network/options'
Reproduce the contents of the file defined in Question 17 to make a Ubuntu host into a router?
Answer
ip_forward=yes
spoofprotect=yes
syncookies=no
Question 19
What setting has been added to the network configuration file to define a route to icct-net from your sub-network's cluster-server?
Answer:
# Interface in icct-net does the routing, # so needs to know about the rest of the network. auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.1 # default for jupiter is solaris # route to saturn-net up route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4 down route del -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4 # Interface in jupiter-net is much simpler auto eth0 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.2.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
Checking Your Network
The Linux command netstat gives a lot of useful information on your network. In the following 3 questions, reproduce the output of various usages of netstat. You should annotate your results with a brief explanation of what they mean. You may need to print the output and attach to the submission.
Question 20
Give and explain the output of the command netstat -r.
Answer <cli prompt=“$” comment=“#”> user@host:~$ netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default saturn.icct.com 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
</cli>
Add your explanation here.
The netstat -r command is often used to view the routing table for a system. A system uses a routing table to determine routing information for TCP/IP traffic.
Question 21
Give and explain the output of the command netstat -i.
Answer <cli prompt=“$” comment=“#”> Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1500 0 2321 225 0 0 2395 0 0 0 BMRU lo 16436 0 13 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 LRU
</cli>
Add your explanation here.
displays statistics for the network interfaces currently configured.
Question 22
Give and explain the output of the command netstat -ta.
Answer <cli prompt=“$” comment=“#”>
Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 callisto:mysql *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 callisto:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 mimas.saturn.icct:52153 server77-68-39-12.l:www TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 mimas.saturn.icct:36504 74.125.161.163:www ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 mimas.saturn.icct:52155 server77-68-39-12.l:www TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 mimas.saturn.icct:52160 server77-68-39-12.l:www TIME_WAIT tcp6 0 0 [::]:www [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
</cli>
Add your explanation here.
This display will give you a list of all the connections using TCP via all sockets.
Testing the Connectivity of your network
Install, if necessary, the traceroute command then answer the following two questions.
Question 23
Give the output of traceroute from your host to any host on one of the other ICCT networks.
Answer <cli prompt=“$” comment=“#”> muteb@mimas:~$ traceroute callisto.jupiter.icct.com traceroute to callisto.jupiter.icct.com (192.168.2.2), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 saturn.icct.com (192.168.3.1) 0.300 ms 0.188 ms 0.144 ms 2 gw-jupiter.icct.com (192.168.1.3) 0.559 ms 0.520 ms 0.445 ms 3 callisto.jupiter.icct.com (192.168.2.2) 13.799 ms 13.763 ms 13.726 ms
</cli>
Question 24
Give the output of traceroute from your host to www.swan.ac.uk
Answer
<cli> muteb@mimas:~$ traceroute -n www.swan.ac.uk traceroute to www.swan.ac.uk (137.44.1.7), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 192.168.3.1 0.257 ms 0.193 ms 0.172 ms muteb@mimas:~$ traceroute -n www.swan.ac.uk traceroute to www.swan.ac.uk (137.44.1.7), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 192.168.3.1 0.257 ms 0.193 ms 0.172 ms 2 * * * 3 * * * 4 * * * 5 * * * 6 * * * 7 * * * 8 * * * 9 * * * 10 * * * 11 * * * 12 * * * 13 * * * 14 * * * 15 * * * 16 * * * 17 * * * 18 * * * 19 * * * 20 * * * 21 * * * 22 * * * 23 * * * 24 * * * 25 * * * 26 * * * 27 * * * 28 * * * 29 * * * 30 * * *
</cli>
Explain the result. the router does not give me any replay
Extension Questions
Question 25
A new sub-network engineering-net (192.168.10.0/24) is to be added to the ICCT network. Host engineering (192.168.10.1/32) is a cluster server for this new network. Give the settings needed to set up this host as a router to icct-net, jupiter-net, and saturn-net and a gateway for engineering-net.
Answer
Question 26
Which other files would you need to modify to correctly set up this new router?
Answer
/etc/networks/interfaces /etc/resolv.conf
Question 27
Summarize the changes that you would you need to make to your host's network configuration to have the new engineering sub-network recognized?
Answer
Question 27
Which other files would you need to modify to fully configure your host to recognizes the new engineering sub-network?
Answer