``, ``<p>aragraphs</p>``, headings (``<h1>``, ``<h2>``, ...), lists etc. With the invention of graphical browsers, elements for embedding images were added. When Microsoft and Netscape engaged in the so-called "browser wars", more elements for defining text effects, and embedding multimedia into web pages were added. Eventually, a standards body called the [[w3c|orld Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C) was established and it tried to formalise definition of //HTML//. Initially it defined //HTML// as it existed at the time as a formal SGML application (HTML 3.2). Later, with [[HTML 4]], it attempted to separate structure from presentation by introducing a separate style-sheet language called [[css|Cascading Style Sheet]] CSS. More recently, with the emergence of [[XML]] as an easier to use version of SGML, the W3C has tried to promote [[XHTML]], which is essentially HTML 4 defined as an XML document type, with limited success. In something of an industry backlash to W3C's over-formalization of web technologies as XML applications, a new body called [[WHATWG]] has proposed [[HTML 5]] as an evolutionary follow-up to HTML 4, the language that is used (often badly) to code most of the web pages the exist in the world today. HTML is an important component of the [[www|World-Wide Web]] and the formal [[web_standard|web standard]] is published and maintained by the [[w3c|World-Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C). There is much more to say about HTML than can comfortably be stated in a glossary so the interested reader is directed to the official [[http://www.w3.org/html/|documentation of HTML]] and to this [[wp>Html|Wikipedia article]]. (See also [[XHTML]]). ---- [[Glossary]] : [[glossary#A|A]] | [[glossary#B|B]] | [[glossary#C|C]] | [[glossary#D|D]] | [[glossary#E|E]] | [[glossary#F|F]] | [[glossary#G|G]] | [[glossary#H|H]] | [[glossary#I|I]] | [[glossary#J|J]] | [[glossary#K|K]] | [[glossary#L|L]] | [[glossary#M|M]] | [[glossary#N|N]] | [[glossary#O|P]] | [[glossary#Q|Q]] | [[glossary#R|R]] | [[glossary#S|S]] | [[glossary#T|T]] | [[glossary#U|U]] | [[glossary#V|V]] | [[glossary#W|W]] | [[glossary#X|X]] | [[glossary#Y|Y]]

====== Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) ====== //HTML// is a text-based markup language originally designed by [[Tim Berners-Lee]] to make the creation of technical scientific documents easy to write with a text editor, and, by means of hyper-links, easy to link to other documents to produce a web of information. The markup was originally not formally defined, but was based on document archiving and exchange standard that existed at the time called [[sgml|Structured Generalised Markup Language]] (SGML). //HTML// borrows its tag format from SGML -- specially marked-up instructions that define a document's structure (called //elements//) are easily separated from textual content without the need for any special binary formats. Thus some emphasized text would be marked up like ``this``. //HTML// extends the idea to structural elements ````, ````, ````, ``<p>aragraphs</p>``, headings (``<h1>``, ``<h2>``, ...), lists etc. With the invention of graphical browsers, elements for embedding images were added. When Microsoft and Netscape engaged in the so-called "browser wars", more elements for defining text effects, and embedding multimedia into web pages were added. Eventually, a standards body called the [[w3c|orld Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C) was established and it tried to formalise definition of //HTML//. Initially it defined //HTML// as it existed at the time as a formal SGML application (HTML 3.2). Later, with [[HTML 4]], it attempted to separate structure from presentation by introducing a separate style-sheet language called [[css|Cascading Style Sheet]] CSS. More recently, with the emergence of [[XML]] as an easier to use version of SGML, the W3C has tried to promote [[XHTML]], which is essentially HTML 4 defined as an XML document type, with limited success. In something of an industry backlash to W3C's over-formalization of web technologies as XML applications, a new body called [[WHATWG]] has proposed [[HTML 5]] as an evolutionary follow-up to HTML 4, the language that is used (often badly) to code most of the web pages the exist in the world today. HTML is an important component of the [[www|World-Wide Web]] and the formal [[web_standard|web standard]] is published and maintained by the [[w3c|World-Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C). There is much more to say about HTML than can comfortably be stated in a glossary so the interested reader is directed to the official [[http://www.w3.org/html/|documentation of HTML]] and to this [[wp>Html|Wikipedia article]]. (See also [[XHTML]]). ---- [[Glossary]] : [[glossary#A|A]] | [[glossary#B|B]] | [[glossary#C|C]] | [[glossary#D|D]] | [[glossary#E|E]] | [[glossary#F|F]] | [[glossary#G|G]] | [[glossary#H|H]] | [[glossary#I|I]] | [[glossary#J|J]] | [[glossary#K|K]] | [[glossary#L|L]] | [[glossary#M|M]] | [[glossary#N|N]] | [[glossary#O|P]] | [[glossary#Q|Q]] | [[glossary#R|R]] | [[glossary#S|S]] | [[glossary#T|T]] | [[glossary#U|U]] | [[glossary#V|V]] | [[glossary#W|W]] | [[glossary#X|X]] | [[glossary#Y|Y]] | [[glossary#Z|Z]]