~~SLIDESHOW~~
Module: EG-253 Practical Internet Technology II
Date of last presentation: 4th October 2007
Presented by: Dr Chris P. Jobling
This lecture is adapted from the lecture created for CS-244 and CS-M74 by Andy Gimblett of the Department of Computer Science.
Aims:
Motivation:
man pages and GNU info (see later).\section{Introducing Unix}
\subsection{Context \& History}
\begin{frame}
=====Context \& History — Unix}
\begin{itemize}
\begin{itemize}
* Portable.
\end{itemize}
.
* Assume user knows what they're doing.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
=====Context \& History — GNU To Linux}
\begin{itemize}
* 1980s: Multiple Unix vendors, jealously guarded IP.
* RMS decides to create an open and free Unix-like OS.
* GNU Project — responsible for loads of great software.
* Early 1990s: Linus Torvalds plays with MINIX, decides to have a go.
* Internet facilitates collaboration, Linux takes off.
* Linux kernel + GNU tools = Linux we know and love.
* Lots of flavours, but open so feed off each other.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Unix Essentials}
\begin{frame}
=====System Overview}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[angle=270,width=7cm]{linux_organisation}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
=====Kernel}
\begin{itemize}
* Central part of OS.
* Concerned with managing hardware and other system resources.
* Whatever you do, the kernel is involved.
* Never accessed directly by user, however.
* Provides access to its facilities via \textbf{system calls}.
* Really ``Linux is just the kernel.\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
=====Applications \& Utilities}
\begin{itemize}
* The programs which access the kernel via system calls.
\begin{itemize}
* Shells
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
=====Shells}
\begin{itemize}
* The other main topic of this course.
shell, instead lots of choice.
* De facto standard in Linux is \textbf{bash}, so we look at that.
* Others: sh, csh, zsh, tcsh, ksh, etc.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
=====Graphical Environments}
\begin{itemize}
* X Window — toolkit for graphics mode programs.
* Windows Manager — provides look-and-feel for programs
running under X.
* Desktop Environment — Extra layer providing comfortable \&
easy environment for working.
* Not really of concern on this course.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\section{Getting Started with Linux}
\begin{frame}
=====Getting Started}
\begin{itemize}
* Logging In — enter username \& password.
* Logging Out — just like Windows. (?)
* Menu system — should be explored. Try things out.
* Running a Shell
\begin{itemize}
* Look for Terminal}, \texttt{xterm,
shell}, \texttt{bash.
* Ensure you're running bash.
* To exit: exit} or \texttt{Ctrl-d.
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Essential Commands}
\begin{frame}
=====Essential Commands (1)}
nb:} \textbf{Case Sensitive!!!
\begin{itemize}
* ls — List a directory
* pwd — Print current working directory
* cd — Change directory
* cp — Copy a file
* mv — Move a file, rename a file
* mkdir — Create a directory
* rm — Remove a file or directory
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
=====Essential Commands (2)}
\begin{itemize}
* ps — Print processes running
* top — Print top processes running
* which — Print path to command
* file — Print type of file
* cat — Print contents of text file
* less} / \texttt{more — Read text file one page at
a time.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Getting Help}
\begin{frame}
=====Getting Help — man}
\begin{itemize}
* man pages are canonical source of documentation
* man ls} to see manual page for \texttt{ls
* Standard form, hard to read at first, but \textbf{essential}
skill.
* Chapters: ls(1)} means \texttt{ls is in chapter 1.
* Read from chapter n} using \texttt{man 1 ls
* man -k to search manual pages for some string.
\end{itemize}
READ THE MAN PAGES!!!
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
=====Getting Help — info}
\begin{itemize}
* GNU Project's hypertext-based manual system.
* Much more complicated than man pages.
* info ls} to get info page for \texttt{ls.
* Hit h to start an interactive tutorial.
* info on its own for top-level node.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Bash Tips \& Tricks}
\begin{frame}
=====Bash Tips \& Tricks — History}
\begin{itemize}
* Bash remembers what commands you've typed.
* !! to repeat last command.
* !-n to repeat nth last command.
* Up and down arrows for quick navigation.
* history to print numbered history.
* Then !n'' to repeat some numbered line.\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
====== Bash Tips \& Tricks — Tab Completion}
\begin{itemize}
* The Best Thing Since Sliced Bread.
tab.
remove ambiguity.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
\endinput