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====== Network Configuration: Results ======

^EG-253^Practical Internet Technology II ^
|**Name** |Uche Azinge |
|**Student Number** |583406 |
|**Date of Submission** |26th November 2010 |   

===== Instructions =====

This wiki page allows you to record the results of your network configuration exercise. You may need to refer to the configuration handout to complete this document. 

**Answer** all questions based on the host that you are configuring in the lab. Edit this wiki page directly to insert your answers. You will probably find this most convenient to do at the same time as you perform the configuration. Where requested, please include listings of the actual configuration files and command outputs directly in the document. Placeholders have been provided for this purpose. Please follow the formatting hints given in the text.

When the exercise is complete you should [[#signature|sign]] and submit it in for marking. Deadline for completion is the start of the lab on the last week of this term. 

This exercise is worth 20% of the module marks. 

===== Host Configuration =====


==== Question 1 ====
 

Which Linux command gives you information about your computer's name on the network?

**Answer** (//delete as appropriate//):

  hostname 
 


==== Question 2 ====

Use the command selected in [[#question_1|Question 1]] to determine your host computer's name? What is the name?

**Answer**: 

Ganymede


==== Question 3 ====

Which configuration file would you need to edit to change your computer's name on the network?

Your answer :

 
  /etc/hostname 
  



==== Question 4 ====

Which linux command gives you information on your host's network settings?

**Answer** 


  ifconfig 
  




==== Question 5 ====

Use the command selected in [[#question_4|Question 4]] to complete the following table:
^ Feature ^ Value ^
| My host's IP address | 192.168.2.4 |
| My network's IP address | 192.168.2.0 |
| The address used by my host to send an IP packet to all hosts on my network | 192.168.2.255 |
| The netmask of my host | 255.255.255.0 |
| The hardware address (MAC Address) of my LAN-facing network interface connection (NIC)((If your host has two or more network cards, the LAN-facing card will be the NIC assigned to your host's static IP address.)) | 00:16:76:90:39:b3| 
| The frame-level (layer 1) protocol is used to send network messages to the network from my host? | MTU |  

**Comment**: Frame level protocol is Etherenet not MTU!


==== Question 6 ====

How many hosts can the sub-net defined by your host's netmask support?

**Answer** 

  254 
 





==== Question 7 ====

What class of network is the //sub-net// to which your host has been assigned?

**Answer** :

  
  Class C 
  




===== Network Configuration =====

**Answer** the following questions about your network configuration. Please copy and paste the contents of the files identified in [[#question_8|Questions 8]] and [[#question_11|11]] to your submission.





==== Question 8 ====
 

In which file is the configuration of your Network Interface Controller (NIC) configured?

**Answer**

 
  /etc/network/interfaces 
   

Please include a listing of the file chosen in answer to [[#question_8|Question 8]]:

  uto eth0
  iface eth0 inet static
  address 192.168.2.4
  network 192.168.2.0
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 192.168.2.1


==== Question 9 ====

What is the IP address of the host which serves as the default gateway for your network?

**Answer**: 192.168.2.1


==== Question 10 ====

What is the hostname of the gateway interface?

**Answer**: Jupiter


==== Question 11 ====

In which file is the symbolic names of the networks, hosts and interfaces available on the network defined?

**Answer** //one of//:

  /etc/hosts 
  



Please include a listing of the file chosen in answer to [[#question_11|Question 11]]:

  127.0.0.1       myhost  localhost.localdomain   localhost
  127.0.1.1       uche-desktop

  # IP            FQDN                            aliases
  #
  127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain           localhost myhost
  #
  192.168.1.1     solaris.icct.co                 solaris inet-gateway
  192.168.1.2     venus.icct.com                  venus www
  #
  # Jupiter cluster
  #
  192.168.1.3     gw-jupiter.icct.com             gw-planets jupiter-if1
  192.168.1.2     jupiter.icct.com                jupiter jupiter-if2
  192.168.2.2     callisto.jupiter.icct.com       callisto
  192.168.2.3     europa.jupiter.icct.com         europa
  192.168.2.4     ganymede.jupiter.icct.com       ganymede
  #
  #Saturn Cluster
  #
  192.168.1.4     gw-saturn.icct.com              gw-saturn saturn-if1
  192.168.3.1     saturn.icct.com                 saturn saturn-if2
  192.168.3.2     dione.saturn.icct.com           dione
  192.168.3.3     tethys.saturn.icct.com          tethys
  192.168.3.4     titan.saturn.icct.com           titan
  
**Comment**. I think your configuration of Jupiter is incorrect. You have:

  192.168.1.3     gw-jupiter.icct.com             gw-planets jupiter-if1
  192.168.1.2     jupiter.icct.com                jupiter jupiter-if2

should be:

  192.168.1.3     gw-jupiter.icct.com             gw-planets jupiter-if1
  192.168.2.1     jupiter.icct.com                jupiter jupiter-if2 # <-- should be 2.1

==== Question 12 ====

What is the symbolic name of your network's gateway interface?

**Answer**: 
   jupiter.icct.com	  jupiter   jupiter-if2
   
==== Question 13 ====

What is the purpose of the Gateway interface?

**Answer**:
A protocol that allows the secure data transfer to and from a server and a network user by means of a program which resides on the server and handles the transaction.

**Nope!** Where you confused by Wikipedia definition of C-GI perhaps?




==== Question 14 ====

Which linux command shows the routing table for your host?

**Answer**: route


Run the command identified in [[#question_14|Question 14]] and reproduce its output here.

**Answer**

  icct@myhost:~$ route
  Kernel IP routing table
  Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
  jupiter-net     *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
  link-local      *               255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 eth0
  default         192.168.2.1     0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0


==== Question 15 ====

How many interfaces (NICs) must a router have?

**Answer** //one of//:

 
  2 
 

==== Question 16 ====

Which system feature must be turned on if you want a Linux host to act as a router?

**Answer**: IP forwarding
==== Question 17 ====

Which run-time command can be used to make a Ubuntu Linux host act as a router?

**Answer**: 
  echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
==== Question 18 ====

In which file is the setting defined in [[#question17|Question 17]] set if you want a Ubuntu host to be configured as a router at boot-time?

**Answer**: 
  /etc/network/options


Reproduce the contents of the file defined in [[#question_17|Question 17]] to make a Ubuntu host into a router?

**Answer**

  ip_forward=yes
  spoofprotect=yes
  
**Comment** The first line is enough.
==== Question 19 ====

What setting has been added to the network configuration file to define a route to ''icct-net'' from your sub-network's cluster-server?

**Answer**: 

  up	route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4
  down	route del -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4

===== Checking Your Network =====

The Linux command ''netstat'' gives a lot of useful information on your network. In the following 3 questions, reproduce the output of various usages of netstat. You should annotate your results with a brief explanation of what they mean. You may need to print the output and attach to the submission.
==== Question 20 ====

Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -r''. 

**Answer**
 icct@ganymede:~$ netstat -r
  Kernel IP routing table
  Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
  jupiter-net     *               255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eth0
  link-local      *               255.255.0.0     U         0 0          0 eth0
  default         192.168.2.1     0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 eth0

netstat -r displays the kernel routing tables. 

==== Question 21 ====

Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -i''. 


**Answer**
  icct@ganymede:~$ netstat -i
  Kernel Interface table
  Iface   MTU Met   RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
  eth0       1500 0      9238      0      0 0          7351      0      0      0 BMRU
  lo        16436 0       448      0      0 0           448      0      0      0 LRU


netstat -i displays a table of all network interfaces.
==== Question 22 ====

Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -ta''. 

**Answer**
  icct@ganymede:~$ netstat -ta
  Active Internet connections (servers and established)
  Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
  tcp        0      0 ganymede.jupiter.:42396 lhr14s02-in-f104.1e:www TIME_WAIT  
  tcp        0      0 ganymede.jupiter.:53138 server77-68-39-12.l:www TIME_WAIT  
  tcp        0      0 ganymede.jupiter.:53133 server77-68-39-12.l:www TIME_WAIT  
  tcp        0      0 ganymede.jupiter.:50956 wy-in-f100.1e100.ne:www TIME_WAIT  
  tcp        0      0 ganymede.jupiter.:51027 wy-in-f100.1e100.ne:www TIME_WAIT  
  tcp        0      0 ganymede.jupiter.:51025 wy-in-f100.1e100.ne:www TIME_WAIT  
  tcp        0      0 ganymede.jupiter.:43962 wy-in-f139.1e100.ne:www ESTABLISHED
  tcp        0      0 ganymede.jupiter.:42364 lhr14s02-in-f104.1e:www TIME_WAIT  
  tcp        0      0 ganymede.jupiter.:44498 lhr14s02-in-f154.1e:www TIME_WAIT  
  tcp        0      0 ganymede.jupiter.:45286 173.194.0.19:www        ESTABLISHED

netstat -ta shows all active internet connections and their current state.

===== Testing the Connectivity of your network =====

Install, if necessary, the //traceroute// command then answer the following two questions.

==== Question 23 ====

Give the output of traceroute from your host to any host on one of the other ICCT networks.

**Answer**
   icct@ganymede:~$ traceroute europa
   traceroute to europa (192.168.2.3), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
   1  europa.jupiter.icct.com (192.168.2.3)  3.471 ms  3.472 ms  3.462 ms
==== Question 24 ====

Give the output of ''traceroute'' from your host to ''www.swan.ac.uk''

**Answer**
  icct@ganymede:~$ traceroute www.swan.ac.uk
  traceroute to www.swan.ac.uk (137.44.1.7), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
  1  192.168.2.1 (192.168.2.1)  0.890 ms  0.877 ms  0.865 ms
  2  * * *
  3  * * *


Explain the result.

The router ignores the pings

===== Extension Questions =====


==== Question 25 ====

A new sub-network engineering-net (''192.168.10.0/24'') is to be added to the ICCT network. Host engineering (''192.168.10.1/32'') is a cluster server for this new network. Give the settings needed to set up this host as a router to ''icct-net'', ''jupiter-net'', and ''saturn-net'' and a gateway for ''engineering-net''.

**Answer**

==== Question 26 ====

Which other files would you need to modify to correctly set up this new router?

**Answer** 


==== Question 27 ====

Summarize the changes that you would you need to make to your host's network configuration to have the new //engineering// sub-network recognized?

**Answer** 


==== Question 27 ====

Which other files would you need to modify to fully configure your host to recognizes the new engineering sub-network?

**Answer**
===== Signature =====


I hereby submit this work for marking.

Uchechukwuka Azinge