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====== Network Configuration: Results ======

^EG-253^Practical Internet Technology II ^
|**Name** |A. Student |
|**Student Number** |123456 |
|**Date of Submission** |14th Octember 3330 |   

**Comment** -- you should have filled this table in!
===== Instructions =====

This wiki page allows you to record the results of your network configuration exercise. You may need to refer to the configuration handout to complete this document. 

**Answer** all questions based on the host that you are configuring in the lab. Edit this wiki page directly to insert your answers. You will probably find this most convenient to do at the same time as you perform the configuration. Where requested, please include listings of the actual configuration files and command outputs directly in the document. Placeholders have been provided for this purpose. Please follow the formatting hints given in the text.

When the exercise is complete you should [[#signature|sign]] and submit it in for marking. Deadline for completion is the start of the lab on the last week of this term. 

This exercise is worth 20% of the module marks. 

===== Host Configuration =====

==== Question 1 ====
 

Which Linux command gives you information about your computer's name on the network?

  hostname 
  


==== Question 2 ====

Use the command selected in [[#question_1|Question 1]] to determine your host computer's name? What is the name?

  callisto




==== Question 3 ====

Which configuration file would you need to edit to change your computer's name on the network?

  /etc/hostname 




==== Question 4 ====

Which linux command gives you information on your host's network settings?

  ifconfig 






==== Question 5 ====

Use the command selected in [[#question_4|Question 4]] to complete the following table:
^ Feature ^ Value ^
| My host's IP address | 192.168.2.2 |
| My network's IP address | 192.168.2.0 |
| The address used by my host to send an IP packet to all hosts on my network | 192.168.2.255 |
| The netmask of my host | 255.255.255.0 |
| The hardware address (MAC Address) of my LAN-facing network interface connection (NIC)((If your host has two or more network cards, the LAN-facing card will be the NIC assigned to your host's static IP address.)) | 00:16:76:90:39:a8 | 
| The frame-level (layer 1) protocol is used to send network messages to the network from my host? | MTU |  

**Comment** No, Ethernet! 


==== Question 6 ====

How many hosts can the sub-net defined by your host's netmask support?

**Answer** //one of//:

  254 
  





==== Question 7 ====

What class of network is the //sub-net// to which your host has been assigned?

**Answer** //one of//:

   Class C 
  




===== Network Configuration =====

**Answer** the following questions about your network configuration. Please copy and paste the contents of the files identified in [[#question_8|Questions 8]] and [[#question_11|11]] to your submission.





==== Question 8 ====
 

In which file is the configuration of your Network Interface Controller (NIC) configured?

  /etc/network/interfaces 
  

Please include a listing of the file chosen in answer to [[#question_8|Question 8]]:

  auto eth0
  iface eth0  inet static
  address 192.168.2.2
  network 192.168.2.0
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 192.168.2.1




==== Question 9 ====

What is the IP address of the host which serves as the default gateway for your network?

  192.168.2.1


==== Question 10 ====

What is the hostname of the gateway interface?

  jupiter


==== Question 11 ====

In which file is the symbolic names of the networks, hosts and interfaces available on the network defined?


  /etc/hosts 




Please include a listing of the file chosen in answer to [[#question_11|Question 11]]:

  # /etc/hosts - Hosts file for ICCT private network
  127.0.0.1	callisto	localhost.localdomain	localhost
  127.0.1.1	icct-desktop7
  192.168.1.1	solaris.icct.com	solaris inet-gateway
  192.168.1.2	venus.icct.com		venus www
  # Jupiter Cluster
  192.168.1.3	gw-jupiter.icct.com	gw-planets jupiter-if1
  192.168.2.1	jupiter.icct.com	jupiter jupiter-if2
  192.168.2.2	callisto.jupiter.icct.com	callisto
  192.168.2.3	europa.jupiter.icct.com		europa
  192.168.2.4	ganymede.jupiter.icct.com	ganymede
  # Saturn Cluster
  192.168.1.4	gw-saturn.icct.com	gw-saturn saturn-if1
  192.168.3.1	saturn.icct.com		saturn saturn-if2
  192.168.3.2	dione.saturn.icct.com	dione
  192.168.3.3	tethys.saturn.icct.com	tethys
  192.168.3.4	titan.saturn.icct.com	titan
  # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
  ::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
  fe00::0 ip6-localnet
  ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
  ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
  ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
  ff02::3 ip6-allhosts

==== Question 12 ====

What is the symbolic name of your network's gateway interface?

  jupiter.icct.com	jupiter jupiter-if2



==== Question 13 ====

What is the purpose of the Gateway interface?

Defines a simple and universal interface between web servers and web applications or frameworks to receive data back and forth.

**Comment** No: that's C-GI!





==== Question 14 ====

Which linux command shows the routing table for your host?

  Route


Run the command identified in [[#question_14|Question 14]] and reproduce its output here.

**Answer**

<cli prompt="$" comment="#">
icct@callisto:~$ route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
jupiter-net     *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
169.254.0.0     *               255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 eth0
default         jupiter.icct.co 0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
icct@callisto:~$ 

</cli>

==== Question 15 ====

How many interfaces (NICs) must a router have?


  2 

==== Question 16 ====

Which system feature must be turned on if you want a Linux host to act as a router?

  Enable forwarding

==== Question 17 ====

Which run-time command can be used to make a Ubuntu Linux host act as a router?
  echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

==== Question 18 ====

In which file is the setting defined in [[#question17|Question 17]] set if you want a Ubuntu host to be configured as a router at boot-time?

  /etc/network/options and change the line ip_forward=no to ip_forward=yes 


Reproduce the contents of the file defined in [[#question_17|Question 17]] to make a Ubuntu host into a router?

  ip_forward=yes
  spoofprotect=yes

**Comment** Only first line is needed to enable IP forwarding.
==== Question 19 ====

What setting has been added to the network configuration file to define a route to ''icct-net'' from your sub-network's cluster-server?


  up	route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4
  down	route del -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4


===== Checking Your Network =====

The Linux command ''netstat'' gives a lot of useful information on your network. In the following 3 questions, reproduce the output of various usages of netstat. You should annotate your results with a brief explanation of what they mean. You may need to print the output and attach to the submission.

==== Question 20 ====

Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -r''. 

**Answer**
<cli prompt="$" comment="#">
icct@callisto:~$ netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
jupiter-net     *               255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eth0
169.254.0.0     *               255.255.0.0     U         0 0          0 eth0
default         jupiter.icct.co 0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 eth0
icct@callisto:~$ 


</cli>

Netstat can print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships. The -r part displays the kernel routing tables. 


==== Question 21 ====

Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -i''. 


**Answer**
<cli prompt="$" comment="#">
icct@callisto:~$ netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface   MTU Met   RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0       1500 0     18176      0      0 0         16177      0      0      0 BMRU
lo        16436 0      1260      0      0 0          1260      0      0      0 LRU
icct@callisto:~$ 

..
</cli>
  The -i part displays a table of all network interfaces, (Or if specified,the specified interface).


==== Question 22 ====

Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -ta''. 

**Answer**
<cli prompt="$" comment="#">
icct@callisto:~$ netstat -ta
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 callisto:ipp            *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 callisto.jupiter.:34456 server77-68-39-12.l:www TIME_WAIT  
tcp        0      0 callisto.jupiter.:34467 server77-68-39-12.l:www TIME_WAIT  
tcp        0      0 callisto.jupiter.:34461 server77-68-39-12.l:www ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 callisto.jupiter.:34462 server77-68-39-12.l:www TIME_WAIT  
tcp6       0      0 localhost:ipp           [::]:*                  LISTEN     
icct@callisto:~$ 
</cli>
The ''-ta'' part shows all active internet connections (if they are servers or established) and their current state.

===== Testing the Connectivity of your network =====

Install, if necessary, the //traceroute// command then answer the following two questions.

==== Question 23 ====

Give the output of traceroute from your host to any host on one of the other ICCT networks.

**Answer**
<cli prompt="$" comment="#">
icct@callisto:~$ traceroute titan
traceroute to titan (192.168.3.4), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  jupiter.icct.com (192.168.2.1)  1.237 ms  1.226 ms  1.214 ms
 2  jupiter.icct.com (192.168.2.1)  3010.293 ms !H  3010.290 ms !H  3010.279 ms !H

</cli>  




==== Question 24 ====

Give the output of ''traceroute'' from your host to ''www.swan.ac.uk''

**Answer**
<cli prompt="$" comment="#">
icct@callisto:~$ traceroute www.swan.ac.uk
traceroute to www.swan.ac.uk (137.44.1.7), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  jupiter.icct.com (192.168.2.1)  0.898 ms  0.888 ms  0.876 ms
 2  * * *
 3  * * *
 4  * * *
 5  * * *
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30  * * *


</cli>  

The router does not forward the pings.

**Comment** Which router?
===== Extension Questions =====


==== Question 25 ====

A new sub-network engineering-net (''192.168.10.0/24'') is to be added to the ICCT network. Host engineering (''192.168.10.1/32'') is a cluster server for this new network. Give the settings needed to set up this host as a router to ''icct-net'', ''jupiter-net'', and ''saturn-net'' and a gateway for ''engineering-net''.

**Answer**

==== Question 26 ====

Which other files would you need to modify to correctly set up this new router?

  /etc/hosts
  /etc/networks
  /etc/network/interfaces
  /etc/network/options


==== Question 27 ====

Summarize the changes that you would you need to make to your host's network configuration to have the new //engineering// sub-network recognized?

**Answer** 


==== Question 28 ====

Which other files would you need to modify to fully configure your host to recognizes the new engineering sub-network?

  All these files on the host:
  /etc/hosts
  /etc/networks
  /etc/network/interfaces
  /etc/network/options

===== Signature =====


I hereby submit this work for marking.

Your signature here:

OWAIN HARRIES