====== Network Configuration: Results ====== ^EG-253^Practical Internet Technology II ^ |**Name** |Richard Parkin | |**Student Number** |637234 | |**Date of Submission** |22nd November 2012 | ===== Instructions ===== This wiki page allows you to record the results of your network configuration exercise. You may need to refer to the configuration handout to complete this document. **Answer** all questions based on the host that you are configuring in the lab. Edit this wiki page directly to insert your answers. You will probably find this most convenient to do at the same time as you perform the configuration. Where requested, please include listings of the actual configuration files and command outputs directly in the document. Placeholders have been provided for this purpose. Please follow the formatting hints given in the text. When the exercise is complete you should [[#signature|sign]] and submit it in for marking. Deadline for completion is the start of the lab on the last week of this term. This exercise is worth 20% of the module marks. ===== Host Configuration ===== ==== Question 1 ==== Which Linux command gives you information about your computer's name on the network? **Answer** (//delete as appropriate//): hostname ==== Question 2 ==== Use the command selected in [[#question_1|Question 1]] to determine your host computer's name? What is the name? **Answer**: Mimas **small ''m''!** --- //[[chris@cpjobling.me|Chris Jobling]] 2012/12/06 04:28// ==== Question 3 ==== Which configuration file would you need to edit to change your computer's name on the network? Your answer (//one of//): /etc/hostname ==== Question 4 ==== Which linux command gives you information on your host's network settings? **Answer** //one of//: ifconfig ==== Question 5 ==== Use the command selected in [[#question_4|Question 4]] to complete the following table: ^ Feature ^ Value ^ | My host's IP address | inet addr:192.168.3.69 | | My network's IP address |Bcast:192.168.3.255 | | The address used by my host to send an IP packet to all hosts on my network | inet6 addr: fe80::219:d1ff:fe91:4fc7/64 | | The netmask of my host | 255.255.255.0 | | The hardware address (MAC Address) of my LAN-facing network interface connection (NIC)((If your host has two or more network cards, the LAN-facing card will be the NIC assigned to your host's static IP address.)) |HWaddr 00:19:d1:91:4f:c7| | The frame-level (layer 1) protocol is used to send network messages to the network from my host? |ethernet| **You have given the broadcast address for your host's network address and the IPv6 address for the IPv4 broadcast address!** --- //[[chris@cpjobling.me|Chris Jobling]] 2012/12/06 04:29// ==== Question 6 ==== How many hosts can the sub-net defined by your host's netmask support? **Answer** //one of//: 256 **No! The netmask is 255.255.255.0 so 8 bits are available for hosts. 2^8 = 256 possible hosts but you can't use the //net address// (which would be 192.168.3.0) or the broadcast address (which is 192.168.3.255) so that leaves 254.** --- //[[chris@cpjobling.me|Chris Jobling]] 2012/12/06 04:31// ==== Question 7 ==== What class of network is the //sub-net// to which your host has been assigned? **Answer** //one of//: Class C ===== Network Configuration ===== **Answer** the following questions about your network configuration. Please copy and paste the contents of the files identified in [[#question_8|Questions 8]] and [[#question_11|11]] to your submission. ==== Question 8 ==== In which file is the configuration of your Network Interface Controller (NIC) configured? **Answer** //one of//: /etc/network/interfaces Please include a listing of the file chosen in answer to [[#question_8|Question 8]]: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.3.69 network 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.3.1 Copy contents of file and paste it as a listing here. Include a minumum indent of two spaces per line. Like this. ==== Question 9 ==== What is the IP address of the host which serves as the default gateway for your network? **Answer**: 192.168.3.1 ==== Question 10 ==== What is the hostname of the gateway interface? **Answer**:saturn ==== Question 11 ==== In which file is the symbolic names of the networks, hosts and interfaces available on the network defined? **Answer** //one of//: /etc/hosts Please include a listing of the file chosen in answer to [[#question_11|Question 11]]: Copy contents of file and paste it as a listing here. Include a minumum indent of two spaces per line. Like this. 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 mimas # /etc/hosts -- Hosts file for ICCT Private network # # IP FQDN if aliases # 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost myhost # 192.168.1.1 solaris.icct.com solaris inet-gateway 192.168.1.2 venus.icct.com venus www # # Jupiter cluster # 192.168.1.3 gw-jupiter.icct.com gw-jupter jupiter-if1 192.168.2.1 jupiter.icct.com jupiter jupiter-if2 192.168.2.22 leda.jupiter.icct.com jumana leda 192.168.2.23 carme.jupiter.icct.com guo carme # # Saturn cluster # 192.169.3.69 mimas.saturn.icct.com richard mimas 192.168.3.21 hyperion.saturn.icct.com jen hyperion 192.168.1.4 gw-saturn.icct.com gw-saturn saturn-if1 192.168.3.1 saturn.icct.com saturn saturn-if2 192.168.3.2 dione.saturn.icct.com gary dione 192.168.3.3 tethys.saturn.icct.com meg tethys 192.168.3.35 titan.saturn.icct.com ali titan # # Add other hosts/clusters below here # (we'll use this to add virtual hosts to the web-server in a later # lab exercise) # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters ==== Question 12 ==== What is the symbolic name of your network's gateway interface? **Answer**: saturn.icct.com ==== Question 13 ==== What is the purpose of the Gateway interface? **Answer**:Its is where we can configure how the system is connected to the netowrk **Not really. It defines where packets with IP addresses who's network address does not match the host's network address will be sent for forwarding to the destination network.** --- //[[chris@cpjobling.me|Chris Jobling]] 2012/12/06 04:35// ==== Question 14 ==== Which linux command shows the routing table for your host? **Answer**: route Run the command identified in [[#question_14|Question 14]] and reproduce its output here. **Answer** icct@mimas:/etc$ route Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default saturn.icct.com 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 saturn-net * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 ==== Question 15 ==== How many interfaces (NICs) must a router have? **Answer** //one of//: 2 ==== Question 16 ==== Which system feature must be turned on if you want a Linux host to act as a router? **Answer**: ip_forwarding=yes **Answer is //IP forwarding//. Your answer would be part of the later question.** --- //[[chris@cpjobling.me|Chris Jobling]] 2012/12/06 04:36// ==== Question 17 ==== Which run-time command can be used to make a Ubuntu Linux host act as a router? **Answer**: sudo sh -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward" ==== Question 18 ==== In which file is the setting defined in [[#question17|Question 17]] set if you want a Ubuntu host to be configured as a router at boot-time? **Answer**: nano /etc/network/options **I expected you to be logged into the host so ''saturn:/etc/networking/options'' was the answer I was looking for. Ot at least some indication that you were logged into saturn** --- //[[chris@cpjobling.me|Chris Jobling]] 2012/12/06 04:39// Reproduce the contents of the file defined in [[#question_17|Question 17]] to make a Ubuntu host into a router? **Answer** ip_forward=yes spoofprotect=yes syncookies=no ==== Question 19 ==== What setting has been added to the network configuration file to define a route to ''icct-net'' from your sub-network's cluster-server? **Answer**: up route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4 ** what about ''down route''?** --- //[[chris@cpjobling.me|Chris Jobling]] 2012/12/06 04:37// cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # This is Jupiter # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.3 network 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.1 # route to saturn-net up route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4 down route del -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4 **Your gateway router is //saturn//!** --- //[[chris@cpjobling.me|Chris Jobling]] 2012/12/06 04:37// ===== Checking Your Network ===== The Linux command ''netstat'' gives a lot of useful information on your network. In the following 3 questions, reproduce the output of various usages of netstat. You should annotate your results with a brief explanation of what they mean. You may need to print the output and attach to the submission. ==== Question 20 ==== Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -r''. **Answer** icct@mimas:~$ netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface default saturn.icct.com 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 saturn-net * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 #same "route" command - gives you the kernel routing table information. ==== Question 21 ==== Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -i''. **Answer** icct@mimas:~$ netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1500 0 7335 0 0 0 4660 0 0 0 BMRU lo 16436 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LRU #displays the statistics for network interfaces currently configured **which statistics specifically?** --- //[[chris@cpjobling.me|Chris Jobling]] 2012/12/06 04:42// ==== Question 22 ==== Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -ta''. **Answer** icct@mimas:~$ netstat -ta #Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:mysql *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 mimas.local:58965 50.97.210.35-stati:http TIME_WAIT tcp 1 0 mimas.local:54753 mulberry.canonical:http CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 0 mimas.local:58966 50.97.210.35-stati:http TIME_WAIT tcp6 0 0 ip6-localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN the 't' in this command provides us with the active and passive TCP Unix socket connections, by adding an 'a' sockets that are waiting for a connection are displayed also. The display is of a list of all servers currently on the system. ===== Testing the Connectivity of your network ===== Install, if necessary, the //traceroute// command then answer the following two questions. ==== Question 23 ==== Give the output of traceroute from your host to any host on one of the other ICCT networks. **Answer** icct@mimas:~$ traceroute tethys.saturn.icct.com traceroute to tethys.saturn.icct.com (192.168.3.3), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 tethys.saturn.icct.com (192.168.3.3) 0.837 ms 0.836 ms 0.830 ms **The question asks you to provide a route to another network. You should have used something on //jupiter.icct.com// or //icct.com//. There would then have been at least 2 hops.** --- //[[chris@cpjobling.me|Chris Jobling]] 2012/12/06 04:44// ==== Question 24 ==== Give the output of ''traceroute'' from your host to ''www.swan.ac.uk'' **Answer** icct@mimas:~$ traceroute www.swan.ac.uk traceroute to www.swan.ac.uk (137.44.1.7), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 saturn.icct.com (192.168.3.1) 0.270 ms 0.488 ms 0.478 ms 2 * * * 3 * * * 4 * * * 5 * * * 6 * * * 7 * * * 8 * * * 9 * * * 10 * * * 11 * * * 12 * * * 13 * * * 14 * * * 15 * * * 16 * * * 17 * * * 18 * * * 19 * * * 20 * * * 21 * * * 22 * * * 23 * * * 24 * * * 25 * * * 26 * * * 27 * * * 28 * * * 29 * * * 30 * * * traceroute uses UDP datagrams to determin the path that packets take over a network. There are 30 lines in a default traceroute response. **Yes, but why is there no response from networks 2-30?** --- //[[chris@cpjobling.me|Chris Jobling]] 2012/12/06 04:45// ===== Extension Questions ===== ==== Question 25 ==== A new sub-network engineering-net (''192.168.10.0/24'') is to be added to the ICCT network. Host engineering (''192.168.10.1/32'') is a cluster server for this new network. Give the settings needed to set up this host as a router to ''icct-net'', ''jupiter-net'', and ''saturn-net'' and a gateway for ''engineering-net''. **Answer** ==== Question 26 ==== Which other files would you need to modify to correctly set up this new router? **Answer** ==== Question 27 ==== Summarize the changes that you would you need to make to your host's network configuration to have the new //engineering// sub-network recognized? **Answer** ==== Question 27 ==== Which other files would you need to modify to fully configure your host to recognizes the new engineering sub-network? **Answer** ===== Signature ===== I hereby submit this work for marking. Your signature here: