====== Network Configuration: Results ======
^EG-253^Practical Internet Technology II ^
|**Name** |Big Kwan Sung |
|**Student Number** |522991 |
|**Date of Submission** |N/A |
===== Instructions =====
This wiki page allows you to record the results of your network configuration exercise. You may need to refer to the configuration handout to complete this document.
**Answer** all questions based on the host that you are configuring in the lab. Edit this wiki page directly to insert your answers. You will probably find this most convenient to do at the same time as you perform the configuration. Where requested, please include listings of the actual configuration files and command outputs directly in the document. Placeholders have been provided for this purpose. Please follow the formatting hints given in the text.
When the exercise is complete you should [[#signature|sign]] and submit it in for marking. Deadline for completion is the start of the lab on the last week of this term.
This exercise is worth 20% of the module marks.
===== Host Configuration =====
==== Question 1 ====
Which Linux command gives you information about your computer's name on the network?
**Answer** (//delete as appropriate//):
hostname
==== Question 2 ====
Use the command selected in [[#question_1|Question 1]] to determine your host computer's name? What is the name?
**Answer**: europa
==== Question 3 ====
Which configuration file would you need to edit to change your computer's name on the network?
Your answer (//one of//):
/etc/hostname
==== Question 4 ====
Which linux command gives you information on your host's network settings?
**Answer** //one of//:
ifconfig
==== Question 5 ====
Use the command selected in [[#question_4|Question 4]] to complete the following table:
^ Feature ^ Value ^
| My host's IP address | 192.168.2.3 |
| My network's IP address | 192.168.2.0 |
| The address used by my host to send an IP packet to all hosts on my network | 192.168.2.255 |
| The netmask of my host | 255.255.255.0 |
| The hardware address (MAC Address) of my LAN-facing network interface connection (NIC)((If your host has two or more network cards, the LAN-facing card will be the NIC assigned to your host's static IP address.)) | 00:10:5a:39:82:9a |
| The frame-level (layer 2) protocol is used to send network messages to the network from my host? | Ethernet |
==== Question 6 ====
How many hosts can the sub-net defined by your host's netmask support?
**Answer** //one of//:
254
==== Question 7 ====
What class of network is the //sub-net// to which your host has been assigned?
**Answer** //one of//:
Class C
===== Network Configuration =====
**Answer** the following questions about your network configuration. Please copy and paste the contents of the files identified in [[#question_8|Questions 8]] and [[#question_11|11]] to your submission.
==== Question 8 ====
In which file is the configuration of your Network Interface Controller (NIC) configured?
**Answer** //one of//:
/etc/network/interfaces
Please include a listing of the file chosen in answer to [[#question_8|Question 8]]:
Copy contents of file and paste it as a listing here.
Include a minimum indent of two spaces per line.
Like this.
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.2.3
network 192.168.2.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.2.1
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
==== Question 9 ====
What is the IP address of the host which serves as the default gateway for your network?
**Answer**:
192.168.2.1
==== Question 10 ====
What is the hostname of the gateway interface?
**Answer**:
Solaris
==== Question 11 ====
In which file is the symbolic names of the networks, hosts and interfaces available on the network defined?
**Answer** //one of//:
/etc/hosts
Please include a listing of the file chosen in answer to [[#question_11|Question 11]]:
Copy contents of file and paste it as a listing here.
Include a minumum indent of two spaces per line.
Like this.
127.0.0.1 callisto localhost.localdomain localhost
# /etc/hosts -- Hosts file for ICCT Private network
#
# IP FQDN aliases
#
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost myhost
#
192.168.1.1 solaris.icct.co solaris inet-gateway
192.168.1.2 venus.icct.com venus www
#
# Jupiter cluster
#
192.168.1.3 gw-jupiter.icct.com gw-planets jupiter-if1
192.168.2.1 jupiter.icct.com jupiter jupiter-if2
192.168.2.2 callisto.jupiter.icct.com callisto
192.168.2.3 europa.jupiter.icct.com europa
192.168.2.4 ganymede.jupiter.icct.com ganymede
#
# Saturn cluster
#
192.168.1.4 gw-saturn.icct.com gw-saturn saturn-if1
192.168.3.1 saturn.icct.com saturn saturn-if2
192.168.3.2 mimas.saturn.icct.com mimas
192.168.3.3 titan.saturn.icct.com titan
#
# Add other hosts/clusters below here
# (we'll use this to add virtual hosts to the web-server in a later
# lab exercise)
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
ff02::3 ip6-allhosts
==== Question 12 ====
What is the symbolic name of your network's gateway interface?
**Answer**:
Jupiter
==== Question 13 ====
What is the purpose of the Gateway interface?
**Answer**:
To configure the gateway router so that the sub nets Jupiter and Saturn can connect and communicate with each
other, and also to the Internet.
==== Question 14 ====
Which linux command shows the routing table for your host?
**Answer**:
Run the command identified in [[#question_14|Question 14]] and reproduce its output here.
**Answer**
icct@europa:~$ route -n # Output:
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
==== Question 15 ====
How many interfaces (NICs) must a router have?
**Answer** //one of//:
2
==== Question 16 ====
Which system feature must be turned on if you want a Linux host to act as a router?
**Answer**:
The ip forwarding (ip_forward=yes) feature so it can send packets to another network
==== Question 17 ====
Which run-time command can be used to make a Ubuntu Linux host act as a router?
**Answer**: sudo sh -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward"
==== Question 18 ====
In which file is the setting defined in [[#question17|Question 17]] set if you want a Ubuntu host to be configured as a router at boot-time?
**Answer**: /etc/network/options
Reproduce the contents of the file defined in [[#question_17|Question 17]] to make a Ubuntu host into a router?
**Answer**
# /etc/network/options - for ICCT network
# set ip_forward=yes if you need to set
# up a machine with two network interface cards
# as a router
ip_forward=yes
spoofprotect=yes
syncookies=no
==== Question 19 ====
What setting has been added to the network configuration file to define a route to ''icct-net'' from your sub-network's cluster-server?
**Answer**:
# Interface in icct-net does the routing,
# so needs to know about the rest of the network.
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.3
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1 # default for jupiter is solaris
# route to saturn-net
up route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4
down route del -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4
# Interface in jupiter-net is much simpler
auto eth0
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.2.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
===== Checking Your Network =====
The Linux command ''netstat'' gives a lot of useful information on your network. In the following 3 questions, reproduce the output of various usages of netstat. You should annotate your results with a brief explanation of what they mean. You may need to print the output and attach to the submission.
==== Question 20 ====
Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -r''.
**Answer**
user@host:~$ netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
192.168.2.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
default jupiter.icct.co 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
This command displays the routing table on the host like the command "route -n".
==== Question 21 ====
Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -i''.
**Answer**
user@host:~$ netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0 1500 0 5809 687 0 1 5971 0 0 0 BMRU
lo 16436 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 LRU
This command displays the interface statistics of the network.
==== Question 22 ====
Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -ta''.
**Answer**
user@host:~$ netstat -ta
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 callisto:ipp *:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
This command displays the active and passive sockets (connections) on the network as well as
the sockets that are waiting to be connected.
===== Testing the Connectivity of your network =====
Install, if necessary, the //traceroute// command then answer the following two questions.
==== Question 23 ====
Give the output of traceroute from your host to any host on one of the other ICCT networks.
**Answer**
user@host:~$ traceroute -n 192.168.3.2
# traceroute to 192.168.3.2 (192.168.3.2), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 192.168.2.1 0.295 ms 0.195 ms 0.188 ms
2 * * *
3 192.168.3.2 15.285 ms 15.228 ms 15.189 ms
==== Question 24 ====
Give the output of ''traceroute'' from your host to ''www.swan.ac.uk''
**Answer**
user@host:~$ traceroute -n www.swan.ac.uk
# traceroute to www.swan.ac.uk (137.44.1.7), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 192.168.2.1 0.245 ms 0.186 ms 0.165 ms
2 * * *
3 * * *
4 * * *
5 * * *
The result shows, that a ping has been sent through Jupiter (result 1: 192.168.2.1), but the rest of the results show that the pings are not echoed as packets cannot be sent beyond Jupiter.
===== Extension Questions =====
==== Question 25 ====
A new sub-network engineering-net (''192.168.10.0/24'') is to be added to the ICCT network. Host engineering (''192.168.10.1/32'') is a cluster server for this new network. Give the settings needed to set up this host as a router to ''icct-net'', ''jupiter-net'', and ''saturn-net'' and a gateway for ''engineering-net''.
**Answer**
# /etc/network/options - for engineering-net network
# set ip_forward=yes if you need to set
# up a machine with two network interface cards
# as a router
ip_forward=yes
spoofprotect=yes
syncookies=no
# Interface in engineering-net does the routing,
# so needs to know about the rest of the network.
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.10.0/24
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.10.1/32 # Engineering server for the new network
# route to saturn-net
up route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4
down route del -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4
# Interface in jupiter-net is much simpler
auto eth0
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.2.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
# route to icct-net
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.3
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
==== Question 26 ====
Which other files would you need to modify to correctly set up this new router?
**Answer**
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.10.0/24
network 192.168.10.0/24 # member of icct-net
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.10.1/32 # default gateway is solaris
# Route to solaris
up route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.1
down route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.1
# Route to jupiter-net
up route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.3
down route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.3
# Route to saturn-net
up route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4
down route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4
==== Question 27 ====
Summarize the changes that you would you need to make to your host's network configuration to have the new //engineering// sub-network recognized?
**Answer**
==== Question 27 ====
Which other files would you need to modify to fully configure your host to recognizes the new engineering sub-network?
**Answer**
===== Signature =====
I hereby submit this work for marking.
Your signature here:
--- //[[mystikspiral04@hotmail.com|Big Kwan Sung]] 2009/11/26 12:35//