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====== Network Configuration: Results ======

^EG-253^Practical Internet Technology II ^
|**Name** |Agnieszka Pawliszyn |
|**Student Number** |453126 |
|**Date of Submission** |14th Octember 3330 |   

===== Instructions =====

This wiki page allows you to record the results of your network configuration exercise. You   may need to refer to the configuration handout to complete this document. 

**Answer** all questions based on the host that you are configuring in the lab. Edit this wiki page directly to insert your answers. You will probably find this most convenient to do at the same time as you perform the configuration. Where requested, please include listings of the actual configuration files and command outputs directly in the document. Placeholders have been provided for this purpose. Please follow the formatting hints given in the text.

When the exercise is complete you should [[#signature|sign]] and submit it in for marking. Deadline for completion is the start of the lab on the last week of this term. 

This exercise is worth 20% of the module marks. 

===== Host Configuration =====


==== Question 1 ====
 

Which Linux command gives you information about your computer's name on the network?

**Answer** (//delete as appropriate//):

  hostname 



==== Question 2 ====

Use the command selected in [[#question_1|Question 1]] to determine your host computer's name? What is the name?

**Answer**: 

  europa


==== Question 3 ====

Which configuration file would you need to edit to change your computer's name on the network?

Your answer (//one of//):

  /etc/hostname 


==== Question 4 ====

Which linux command gives you information on your host's network settings?

**Answer** //one of//:


  ifconfig 


==== Question 5 ====

Use the command selected in [[#question_4|Question 4]] to complete the following table:
^ Feature ^ Value ^
| My host's IP address | 192.168.2.3 |
| My network's IP address | 192.168.2.0 |
| The address used by my host to send an IP packet to all hosts on my network | 192.168.2.255 |
| The netmask of my host | 255.255.255.0 |
| The hardware address (MAC Address) of my LAN-facing network interface connection (NIC)((If your host has two or more network cards, the LAN-facing card will be the NIC assigned to your host's static IP address.)) | 00:10:5A:13:6F:EA | 
| The frame-level (layer 1) protocol is used to send network messages to the network from my host? | Ethernet |  




==== Question 6 ====

How many hosts can the sub-net defined by your host's netmask support?

**Answer** //one of//:

  254 



==== Question 7 ====

What class of network is the //sub-net// to which your host has been assigned?

**Answer** //one of//:

  Class C 


===== Network Configuration =====

**Answer** the following questions about your network configuration. Please copy and paste the contents of the files identified in [[#question_8|Questions 8]] and [[#question_11|11]] to your submission.





==== Question 8 ====
 

In which file is the configuration of your Network Interface Controller (NIC) configured?

**Answer** //one of//:

  /etc/network/interfaces 


Please include a listing of the file chosen in answer to [[#question_8|Question 8]]:


  auto lo
  iface lo inet loopback
  
  auto eth0
  iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.2.3
    network 192.168.2.0
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.2.1
  
  auto eth1
  iface eth1 inet dhcp
  
  auto eth2
  iface eth2 inet dhcp
  
  auto ath0
  iface ath0 inet dhcp
  
  auto wlan0
  iface wlan0 inet dhcp
  
  
==== Question 9 ====

What is the IP address of the host which serves as the default gateway for your network?

**Answer**: 

  192.168.2.1


==== Question 10 ====

What is the hostname of the gateway interface?

**Answer**:

  jupiter.icct.com   

==== Question 11 ====

In which file is the symbolic names of the networks, hosts and interfaces available on the network defined?

**Answer** //one of//:

  /etc/hosts  



Please include a listing of the file chosen in answer to [[#question_11|Question 11]]:

  # /etc/hosts -- Hosts file for ICCT Private network
  #
  # IP          FQDN                       aliases
  #
  127.0.0.1     localhost.localdomain      localhost myhost
  #
  192.168.1.1   solaris.icct.com            solaris inet-gateway
  192.168.1.2   venus.icct.com             venus www
  #
  # Jupiter cluster
  #
  192.168.1.3   gw-jupiter.icct.com        gw-planets jupiter-if1
  192.168.2.1   jupiter.icct.com           jupiter jupiter-if2
  192.168.2.2   callisto.jupiter.icct.com  callisto
  192.168.2.3   europa.jupiter.icct.com    europa
  192.168.2.4   ganymede.jupiter.icct.com  ganymede
  #
  # Saturn cluster
  #
  192.168.1.4   gw-saturn.icct.com         gw-saturn saturn-if1
  192.168.3.1   saturn.icct.com            saturn saturn-if2
  192.168.3.2   dione.saturn.icct.com      dione
  #192.168.3.3   tethys.saturn.icct.com     tethys
  

 

==== Question 12 ====

What is the symbolic name of your network's gateway interface?

**Answer**: 

  gw-jupiter.icct.com


==== Question 13 ====

What is the purpose of the Gateway interface?

**Answer**:


  to forward packets to other networks
  and receive packets from other networks


==== Question 14 ====

Which linux command shows the routing table for your host?

**Answer**: 

  route -n


Run the command identified in [[#question_14|Question 14]] and reproduce its output here.

**Answer**

<cli prompt="$" comment="#">
icct@europa:~$ route -n
Kernel IP routeing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.2.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 eth0
0.0.0.0         192.168.2.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0

</cli>

==== Question 15 ====

How many interfaces (NICs) must a router have?

**Answer** //one of//:

  2 [or more]

==== Question 16 ====

Which system feature must be turned on if you want a Linux host to act as a router?

**Answer**: 
  ip forwarding


==== Question 17 ====

Which run-time command can be used to make a Ubuntu Linux host act as a router?

**Answer**: 

  icct@europa:~$  sudo sh -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward"



==== Question 18 ====

In which file is the setting defined in [[#question17|Question 17]] set if you want a Ubuntu host to be configured as a router at boot-time?

**Answer**: 
  
  /etc/network/options (on jupiter)


Reproduce the contents of the file defined in [[#question_17|Question 17]] to make a Ubuntu host into a router?

 


**Answer**
  
   ip_forward=yes
   spoofprotect=yes
   syncookies=no
    

==== Question 19 ====

What setting has been added to the network configuration file to define a route to ''icct-net'' from your sub-network's cluster-server?

**Answer**: 
   # This is Jupiter
  
  # The loopback network interface
  auto lo
  iface lo inet loopback
  
  # The primary network interface
  auto eth0
  iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.1.3
    network 192.168.1.0
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.1.1
    # route to saturn-net
    up    route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4
    down  route del -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4 
  
  auto eth1
  iface eth1 inet static
    address 192.168.2.1
  
  
  
===== Checking Your Network =====

The Linux command ''netstat'' gives a lot of useful information on your network. In the following 3 questions, reproduce the output of various usages of netstat. You should annotate your results with a brief explanation of what they mean. You may need to print the output and attach to the submission.

==== Question 20 ====

Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -r''. 

**Answer**
  <cli prompt="$" comment="#">
  user@host:~$ netstat -r
  
  Kernel IP routing table
  Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
  saturn-net      saturn.swan-icc 255.255.255.0   UG        0 0          0 eth0
  jupiter-net     *               255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eth1
  icct-net        *               255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eth0
   default         solaris.swan-ic 0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 eth0
  </cli>



  displays the kernel routing tables 


==== Question 21 ====

Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -i''. 


**Answer**
<cli prompt="$" comment="#">
user@host:~$ netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface   MTU Met   RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0   1500 0      6935      0      0      0     5651      0      0      0 BMRU
eth1   1500 0      6628      0      0      0     7553      0      0      0 BMRU
lo    16436 0         6      0      0      0        6      0      0      0 LRU
</cli>


  Displays the table of all network interfaces


==== Question 22 ====

Give and explain the output of the command ''netstat -ta''. 

**Answer**
<cli prompt="$" comment="#">
 user@host:~$ netstat -ta
 Active Internet connections (servers and established)
 Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
 tcp        0      0 gw-jupiter.swan-:domain *:*                     LISTEN     
 tcp        0      0 jupiter.swan-icc:domain *:*                     LISTEN     
 tcp        0      0 localhost.locald:domain *:*                     LISTEN     
 tcp        0      0 localhost.localdoma:953 *:*                     LISTEN     
 tcp6       0      0 *:ssh                   *:*                     LISTEN     
 tcp6       0      0 ip6-localhost:953       *:*                     LISTEN     
 tcp6       0      0 gw-jupiter.swan-icc:ssh callisto.swan-icc:60851 ESTABLISHED
 tcp6       0      0 gw-jupiter.swan-icc:ssh europa.swan-icct.:42805 ESTABLISHED

</cli>

  display active internet connections for all tcp sockets

===== Testing the Connectivity of your network =====

Install, if necessary, the //traceroute// command then answer the following two questions.

==== Question 23 ====

Give the output of traceroute from your host to any host on one of the other ICCT networks.

**Answer**
<cli prompt="$" comment="#">
icct@europa:~$ traceroute to titan.saturn.icct.com (192.168.3.4), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
 1  jupiter.icct.com (192.168.2.1)  0.277 ms  0.142 ms  0.134 ms
 2  gw-saturn.icct.com (192.168.1.4)  1.442 ms  0.238 ms  1.303 ms
 3  titan.saturn.icct.com (192.168.3.4)  1.517 ms  1.426 ms  1.417 ms

</cli>  




==== Question 24 ====

Give the output of ''traceroute'' from your host to ''www.swan.ac.uk''

**Answer**
<cli prompt="$" comment="#">
icct@europa:~$ traceroute www.swan.ac.uk
traceroute to www.swan.ac.uk (137.44.1.7), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
 1  jupiter.icct.com (192.168.2.1)  0.224 ms  0.137 ms  0.135 ms
 2  * * *
 3  * * *
 4  * * *
 5  * * *
 6  * * *

</cli>  

packets from the outside are not accepted, so they can't return.

===== Extension Questions =====



==== Question 25 ====

A new sub-network engineering-net (''192.168.10.0/24'') is to be added to the ICCT network. Host engineering (''192.168.10.1/32'') is a cluster server for this new network. Give the settings needed to set up this host as a router to ''icct-net'', ''jupiter-net'', and ''saturn-net'' and a gateway for ''engineering-net''.

**Answer**

  # Server venus is a host on icct-net. It needs to know about
  # the rest of the network so that it can return messages to the
  # saturn and jupiter subnets.
  auto eth0
  iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.1.5
    network 192.168.1.0        # member of icct-net
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.1.1        # default gateway is solaris
    # Route to jupiter-net
    up   route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.3
    down route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.3
    # Route to saturn-net
    up   route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4
    down route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.4
    # Interface in engineering-net is much simpler
    auto eth1
    iface eth1 inet static
      address 192.168.10.1
      netmask 255.255.255.0

I don't see a route to 192.168.10.0?
  

==== Question 26 ====

Which other files would you need to modify to correctly set up this new router?

**Answer** 
   /etc/network/interfaces in jupter, saturn and venus (all routers)
   

==== Question 27 ====

Summarize the changes that you would you need to make to your host's network configuration to have the new //engineering// sub-network recognized?

**Answer** 

  need engineering-net entry in
  /etc/networks
  
  and need to list the hosts in gateway in the host file
  (/etc/hots)




===== Signature =====


I hereby submit this work for marking.

Your signature here: A.Pawliszyn